
Class 



Book A^ 



C{OS 



Gopightls^ 



TO 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



BIBLE CHRONOLOGY 



PROM 



ABRAHAM TO THE CHRISTIAN ERA 



BY 

W./S.^'AUCHINCLOSS, C.E. 

AUTHOR OF THE " BOOK OF DANIEL UNLOCKED 



NEW YORK 



FOR SALE BY 



D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY 

SCIENTIFIC BOOK PUBLISHERS 

23 MURRAY STREET 

1905 



LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 

NOV 24 1905 

Cooyright Entry 
CLASS CL XXc. No. 
' COPY 8. 






Copyright 1905 

BY 

W. S. AUCHINCLOSS 



DORNAN, PRINTER 
PHILADELPHIA 



PKEFACE 



In this age of railroad travel, whoever owns a chronometer 
of such erratic construction that it varies anywhere from 42 
minutes ahead of time to 63 minutes behind time, would surely 
give it up as a hopeless case and would naturally seek one upon 
.which he could place implicit confidence. The same want of 
reliability is true of that chronology, which for so long a time 
has been identified with the King James version of the Bible, 
only its inaccuracies are counted by years and not by minutes. 
Now that the world has a Revised Version of the Bible, the 
time has come for it to adopt a Revised Chronology in keeping 
with the statements of the Bible. We herewith submit a system 
the outcome of a careful comparison of Scripture with Scripture, 
also the product of a geometrical plotting of events to a mathe- 
matical scale. [Copies of these charts will be found in the 
Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Denver and San 
Francisco Public Libraries.] They were made for the pur- 
pose of bringing out clearly the mutual relation of events and 
settling all points of difference that could not accurately be 
determined otherwise. 

W. S. A. 



(3) 



A FEW SAMPLES OF ANTIQUATED 
CHRONOLOGY. 



60 Years Thrown Away. 




Ehud judged Israel: — 




According to Judges iii. 30 .... 


. 80 years 


According to Bagster's Bible 




B.C. 1325 to 1305 . . . 


. 20 '' 


Thrown away 


. 60 years. 



23 Years Inserted. 

Othniel judged Israel: — 

According to Bagster's Bible 

B.C. 1405 to 1342 . 
According to Judges iii. 11 

Inserted 



63 years. 
40 " 

23 years. 



40 Years Concealed. 

According to Bagster's Bible : — 

Ibzan was judge from B.C. 1181 to 1174 = 7 years. 

Elon was judge from B.C. 1174 to 1164 = 10 " 

Abdon was judge from B.C. 1164 to 1156 = 8 " 

Part of servitude to Philistines 1156 to 1141 = 15 " 



Total 

Directly opposed to its own statement 
Bagster's Bible says: 
Eli was judge from 



40 years. 



B.C. 1181 to 1141 == 40 years. 



Evidently Many Years have been Thrown Away, Inserted 
AND Concealed in 

Antiquated Chronology. 

(5) 



GENERAL PEINCIPLES 



The most reliable data, extending from Adam to Terah, the 
father of Abraham, gives the following dates : 

Adam b.c. 5300 

The Flood b.c. 3045 

Confusion of tongues B.C. 2633 

Birth of Terah B.C. 2112 

Thus far, Bible chronology can only be classed as approxi- 
mate, simply because different opinions may be held regarding 
the weight of evidence found in the various texts — Hebrew, 
Septuagint, Samaritan, and the text of Josephus. But, from 
Terah, the father of Abraham, onward to the time when 
Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the Temple, and chronology con- 
nects with modern history, the periods are exact and the events 
follow each other in perfect order. The reason for this is found 
in the fact that the Bible has spanned this great stream of time 
by four arches of known length. 

Span 1. Life of Terah .... 205 years. Gen. xi. 32 

Span 2. From Promise to Exodus 430 " Exod. xii. 41 

Span 3. From Exodus to Temple 479 " 1 Kings vi. 1 

Span 4. Temple building to burning 412 " Kings, 495-83 years. 



Total width 1526 years. 



In the matter of patriarchal birth-dates, we give preference 
to the figures of Josephus, because Vespasian made him 
custodian of the "Sacred Books" which Titus captured in 
Jerusalem and carried in triumph to Rome. These books 
were spread out before Josephus when he wrote his '^Antiqui- 

(7) 



8 BIBLE CHRONOLOGY 

ties of the Jews," consequently his writings are the latest and 
best testimony we have as to the contents of those official 
volumes. Furthermore, the birth-periods of the patriarchs as 
given by him, run in unison with patriarchal ages and are free 
from those irregularities which characterize the Hebrew text. 
There is reason to believe that human life matured in those 
days very much as it does now. With them a man was counted 
old at 900 years of age, just as a man of 90 years is regarded at 
the present day. If then the man of 900 had a son at 200 years, 
the man of 90 would be expected to have a son at 20 years. 
All of which seems perfectly natural, besides it harmonizes 
with the figures that Josephus copied out of the " Sacred Books." 

As to Nahor, the Hebrew text says he was 29 years old when 
Terah was born. The Samaritan says 79 years, while copies 
of the Septuagint range from 79 to 179 years. Josephus is 
silent. In this case alone, we are compelled to take independent 
action. We are reminded that Terah himself was 130 years old 
when Abraham was born, and since in the majority of instances 
Josephus' figures exceed those of the Hebrew text by 100 years, 
we shall follow his example and place the age of Nahor when 
Terah was born at 129 years. According to the Hebrew text 
Arphaxad was born 2 years after the Flood, Josephus says 12 
years. The latter number is by far the most probable because 
Arphaxad was not the eldest son of Shem, on the contrary he 
was his third son born after the Flood. 

We shall now turn our attention to the great stream of time 
that ran between Terah and the destruction of the Temple. 

Only one point in this span requires special atten- 
SPAN No. 1 tion. When Terah died at 205 years of age his son 
Abraham was 75 years old, consequently Terah was 
130 years old when Abraham was born. Many infer from 
Gen. xi. 26 that Terah was 70 years old, but manifestly such 
was not the case. 

Jacob's descent into Egypt was the Half-way 
SPAN No. 2 Station in ''the sojournings of the children of 
Israel." 



BIBLE CHRONOLOGY 

From the Promise to Isaac was ... 25 years. 
From birth of Isaac to Jacob was . . 60 '* 
From Jacob to descent into Egypt was 130 " 



215 years. 
From arrival in Egypt to death of Joseph 71 years. 
Years of oppression in Egypt .... 144 '•' 215 years. 



Total, [Exod. xii. 41] . . . 430 years. 



Many writers have taken the ground that the Bible 
SPAN No. 3 length for this span is far too small. Some make it 

573 years, while others place the figures as high as 
680. Not one of them, however, is right. They have all lost 
sight of the fact that the Bible length — 479 years — contem- 
plated generations of the same length as obtained in the life of 
the patriarch Jacob, who was 91 years old when Joseph was 
born. The 479 years allows an average of about 90 years to 
Salmon, Boaz, Obed and Jesse, the immediate ancestors of 
king David. Were we to follow the expansionists in this 
matter, the average age for a generation would become 135 
years; a perfectly preposterous figure! 

We contend that the Bible number, 479 years, is absolutely 
correct, notwithstanding the fact that the sum of its items 
exceeds the number itself, because we have discovered that the 
trouble is located in those periods of time when the land is said 
to have "had rest." Four such periods are mentioned in the 
3rd, 5th, and 8th chapters of the book of Judges, which covered, 
respectively, 40 years, 80 years, 40 years, and 40 years. From 
some unknown cause, ciphers have been affixed to the true 
numbers; that is, to the Nos. 4, 8, 4, and 4, thus making the 
quantities ten times too great. In like manner, see ii Samuel, 
15.7, a cipher has been affixed to the 4 years of Absalom, making 
it ten times too great, and for which no authority can be found, 
either in Josephus or in the Septuagint, both of which distinctly 
state that the period was only 4 years in length. When these 
superfluous ciphers are removed, the whole time of the 
Judges government — 379 years — is reduced to 190 years, and 



10 BIBLE CHRONOLOGY 

the span comes out precisely 479 years, same as given in 
I Kings vi. 1. This correction is one of vital importance, for 
it preserves the integrity of the Bible statement. 

Although the history — of Joshua, of the Elders and of Samuel 
— is given at great length, the Bible does not make an itemized 
statement of the years they bore rule, still it supplies ample 
material for measuring their entire period, v^hich, chronologically 
speaking, is just as good. This appears from the following 
figures : 



From the Exodus to the Temple 479 years' 

Wilderness 40 years. 

Elders to Samuel 159 '' 

The Servitudes 91 " 

I Saul, David, and 3 yrs. Solomon 83 " 373 '' 



Deduct : 



Leaving, for Joshua, the Elders and Samuel . . . 106 years. 



Guided by the history of their lives, we are convinced that 
a natural division of the entire period gives 40 years each to 
Joshua and Samuel, with 26 years to the Elders. We have then : 

Wilderness 40 years. 

Joshua and Elders 66 " 

The Servitudes 91 

The Judges .... 379—180 = 199 " 
Saul, David, 3 of Solomon ... 83 " 

Making, from Exodus to Temple, I Kings vi. 1 . 479 years. 



This last span is found by laying out the reigns 
SPAN No. 4 of the kings of Judah and Israel, with due regard 

to the locking-dates given in the 1st and the 2nd 
book of Kings. 

The period so determined equals 495 years. 

{ Reign of Saul .... 40 years. 
Deduct: j Reign of David . ... 40 " 

I To building of Temple . . 3 " 83 " 

From Temple building to burning .... 412 years. 



BIBLE CHRONOLOGY 



11 



We are able to check this work if we take account of the 70 
Sabbatic periods — B.C. 1080 to B.C. 590 — which the Jews failed 
to observe after they chose Saul for their king. This check 
incidentally serves a good purpose in respect to the reign of 
Amaziah, for it proves that, although his reign is said to have 
lasted 29 years, he only exercised the royal power for 14 
years, so that the remaining 15 years belonged to the reign of 
his son Uzziah, who was appointed "king instead of his father.^* 
This is confirmed by the fact that, "In the 15th year of Ama- 
ziah" . . . "Jeroboam began to rule in Samaria," and as 
Jeroboam was succeeded by Zachariah in the 38th year and 
he by Shallum in the 39th year of Uzziah, by necessity Uzziah 
began to reign in Judah when Jeroboam began to rule in 
Samaria; in a word, 38 years of their respective reigns were 
simultaneous, the one in Judah, the other in Israel. 

To dispel all doubt on this subject we here record the : 

COTEMPORANEOUS ReIGNS. 





r Joash's reign 


II Kin. xiv. 1 


2 years. 


JUDAH 


i Amaziah's reign . 


. II Kin. xiv. 17 


14 " 




'-Uzziah's reign 


. II Kin. XV. 2 

Total, 


52 '' 




68 years. 




'Pekah's reign . 


— o 

. II Kin. XV. 32 


1 year. 




Pekahiah's reign 


. II Kin. XV. 23 


2 years. 




Menahem's reign . 


. II Kin. XV. 17 


10 " 


ISRAEL . 


Zachariah's 1 
Shallum's /^^'^ ■ 








II Kin. XV. 8 and 13 


1 " 




Jeroboam II's reign 


. II Kin. XV. 8 


38 " 




-Jehoash's reign . 


II Kin. xii. 10 

Total, 


16 " 




68 years. 



Showing that Amaziah^s reign lasted 14 years, and that 
any attempt to change Uzziah's would throw five other reigns 
into confusion, which are closely locked in the Scripture nar- 
rative. 



12 BIBLE CHRONOLOGY 

We note in passing that there was no ''interregnum" between 
Pekah and Hoshea. Pekah reigned for 29 years and Hoshea 
reigned 9 years. 

It is simply marvelous what a huge mass of chronological 
material the Bible furnishes, and, when the same has been ar- 
ranged with mathematical precision, how it binds together the 
ages from Terah, the father of Abrahana, to the time of Nebu- 
chadnezzar, thereby coupling matters of deepest interest in the 
past with the beginnings of history, and effectually welding 
past with present into one harmonious whole. 



BIBLE CHRONOLOGY. 





B.C. 


Years. 


Totals. 


From Adam to Seth 


5300 to 5070 


230 




Birth of Seth to birth of Enos .... 


5070 to 4865 


205 




Birth of Enos to birth of Cainan .... 


: 4865 to 4675 


190 




Birth of Cainan to birth of Mahalaleel . 


1 4675 to 4505 


170 




Birth of Mahalaleel to birth of Jared 


1 4505 to 4340 


165 




Birth of Jared to birth of Enoch .... 


1 4340 to 4178 


162 




Birth of Enoch to birth of Methiisalah . . 


4178 to 4013 


165 




Birth of Methusalah to birth of Lamech 


4013 to 3826 


187 




Birth of Lamech to birth of Noah 


3826 to 3644 


182 




Birth of Noah to the Flood 


3644 to 3045 


599 




Adam to Flood 


1 . . • 





2255 


The Flood 


1 3045 to 3044 


1 




The Flood to birth of Arphaxad .... 


3044 to 3032 


12 




Birth of Arphaxad to birth of Salah . 


3032 to 2897 


135 




Birth of Salah to birth of Eber .... 


2897 to 2767 


130 




Birth of Eber to birth of Peleg .... 


2767 to 2633 


134 




The Confusion of Tongues 


B.C. 2633 






Flood to Babel . 


i ... 




412 




Birth of Peleg to birth of Reu .... 


2633 to 2503 


130 




Birth of Reu to birth of Serug .... 


2503 to 2373 


130 




Birth of Serug to birth of Nahor .... 


2373 to 2241 


132 




History of the patriarch Job 


— to — 






Birth of Xabor to birth of Terah .... 


2241 to 2112 


129 




Babel to Terah 

Birth of Terah to birth of Abraham . 






521 


2112 to 1982 


130 


Birth of Abraham to the Promise 


: 1982 to 1907 


75 




SPAN No 1 






205 


The Promise to birth of Isaac .... 


1 1907 to 1882 


25 




Birth of Isaac to birth of Jacob .... 


1882 to 1822 


60 




Birth of Jacob to birth of Joseph 


1822 to 1731 


1 91 




Birth of Joseph to descent into Egypt . 


1731 to 1692 


! 39 




Arrival in Egypt to death of Joseph . 


1692 to 1621 


71 




Years of Oppression in Egypt .... 


1621 to 1477 


144 




SPAN No. 2 . 


i 




430 


1 

1 




3823 



(13) 



14 



BIBLE CHRONOLOGY 



The birth of Aaron 

The birth of Moses 

Moses fled from Egypt 

The birth of Caleb 

The Exodus From Egypt . . . ' . 

The death of Miriam 

The death of Aaron 

The death of Moses 

Israel in the Wilderness 

Israel crossed the Jordan 

The land divided 

The rule of Joshua 

The Elders and "No king" .... 
Servitude in Mesopotamia .... 

Othniel 1st Judge 

Servitude to Moabites 

Ehud 2nd Judge 

Shamgar 3rd Judge 

Servitude to Canaanites . . 

Deborah 4th Judge 

Servitude to Midianites 

Gideon 5th Judge 

Abimelech 6th Judge 

Tola 7th Judge 

History of Boaz and Ruth . . . . 
Jair 8th Judge . . . . . . 

Servitude to Ammonites 

Jephthah 9th Judge 

Ibzan 10th Judge 

Elon 11th Judge 

Abdon 12th Judge 

/ Servitude to Philistines 

1 Samson 13th Judge ...... 

EH 14th Judge 

Samuel 15th Judge 

Saul 1st King 

Sabbatic years neglected, ii Chron., 36, 21 
David 2nd King . . . . 
Temple begun, 4th year of Solomon . 

SPAN No. 3 
Solomon (3 + 37 = 40 yrs.) .... 
Kingdom divided 



B.C 

1560 
1557 
1517 
1516 
1477 
1475 
1438 
1437 
1477 to 
1437 
1431 
1437 to 
1397 to 
1371 to 
1363 to 
1359 to 
1341 to 
1334 to 
1333 to 
1313 to 
1309 to 
1302 to 
1298 to 
1295 to 

— to 
1272 to 
1 250 to 
1232 to 
1226 to 
1219 to 
1209 to 
1201 to 
1181 to 
1161 to 
1121 to 
1081 to 
1080 to 
1041 to 

998 

1001 to 
961 





Years. 


1437 


40 


1397 


40 


1371 


26 


1363 


8 


1359 


4 


1341 


18 


1334 


7 


1333 


1 


1313 


20 


1309 


4 


1302 


7 


1298 


4 


1295 


3 " 


1272 


23 


1250 


22 


1232 


18 


1226 


6 


1219 


7 


1209 


10 


1201 


8 


1181 


20 


1161 


20 


1121 


40 


1081 


40 


1041 


40 


590 




1001 


40 




3 


961 


37 



Totals. 
3823 



4302 



BIBLE CHRONOLOGY 



15 



JUDAH. 

Rehoboam 


ISRAEL. 


B.C. 

961 to 944 
961 to 929 
944 to 941 
941 to 900 
929 to 928 
928 to 915 
915 to 914 
914 to 910 
910 to 904 
904 to 884 
900 to 877 
884 to 882 
882 to 869 
877 to 870 
870 to 869 
869 to 840 
869 to 863 
863 to 824 
840 to 826 
826 to 810 
824 to 810 
810 to 758 
810 to 772 
772 to 771 
771 to 761 
761 to 759 
759 to 730 
758 to 742 
742 to 727 
730 to 721 
721 

727 to 697 
697 to 642 
642 to 640 
640 to 609 
609 

609 to 598 
606 

606 to 536 
598 to 597 
597 to 586 


Years. 
37 
17 

3 

41 

23 

7 
1 

6 
39 

14 
52 

■ 

16 
15 

30 

55 

2 

31 

11 

1 
11 


Totals. 
4302 


Abijah 


Jeroboam I . . . 




Asa 






Jehoshaphat 


Nadab 

Baasha .... 
Elah [ Zimri = 7 days] 
Tibni and Omri . 
Omri, alone 
Ahab 

Ahaziah .... 
Joram 




Ahaziah 






Queen AthaHah 
Joash . . . 


Jehu . . . . . 




Amaziah 


Jehoahaz .... 
Jehoash .... 




TJzziah 






Jotham .... 


Jeroboam II . . . 
Zachariah and Shallum 
Menahem .... 
Pekahiah .... 
Pekah ..... 




Ahaz 






Hezekiah 


Hoshea .... 
Israel carried to Assyria 




Manasseh 




Amon 




Josiah 




Jehoahaz (counted \ 
Jehoiakim. 


^^ith Jehoiachin) 




Daniel and princes U 
Babylonian captivit} 
Jehoiachin 


iken to Babylon 




Zedekiah's reign 


SPAN No. 4 . 


412 








4714 



16 



BIBLE CHRONOLOGY 



Israel rejected (Ezek. xx. 3) 

Divine indignation 

Temple burnt by Nebuchadnezzar . 

No Temple Service 

Death of Nebuchadnezzar 

Cyrus made King of Persia 

Belshazzar 

Cyrus took Babylon 

Darius the Mede • 

Jews liberated by Cyrus 

Darius Hystaspes 

Zerubbabel's Temple begun 

Probation, followed by Indignation . 

Zerubbabel's Temple finished 

Zerubbabel's to Nehemiah's Temple . 

Xerxes king of Persia 

Esther, queen of Persia 

Artaxerxes king of Persia 

r Exodus of Jews from Persia, before Passover 

< '' SEVENTY WEEKS " of Daniel == 490 years 
( Passover B.C. 458 to Passover a.d. 33 = 490 

Temple restored by Nehemiah 
From Temple to death of Artaxerxes 
Nehemiah ruled as Governor . 
Last date given in Old Testament 
History foretold by Daniel xi. chap. 
Persia conquered at Cunaxa . 
Persia conquered by Alexander . 

ERA OF SELEUCIDAE COMMENCED. 

By Greek standard, October 1st B.C. 
By Babylonian standard, March B.C. 
By Josephus' standard, October 1st b.c 
By I and II Maccabees' October 1st b 
Defeat of the Carthagenians . 
( Temple despoiled, Nov. 27th . 

< Asmonean Dynasty 
( " Feast of Lights " Nov. 25th . 

Judas Maccabeus, high priest 
No Asmonean high priest 
Jonathan Maccabeus, high priest 

Simon, Captain 

Simon, high priest 



B.C. 


Years. 


590 




590 to 520 




586 




585 to 515 


70 


562 




558 




541 to 538 




538 




538 to 536 




536 




521 to 485 




520 




520 to 450 




515 




515 to 445 


70 


485 to 465 




478 to 472 




465 to 425 




458 




445 




445 to 425 


20 


445 to 433 




433 




425 to 163 


262 


401 




331 




312 




311 




312 




312 




202 




168 




163 to 37 




165 




163 to 160 


3 


160 to 153 


7 


153 to 143 


10 


145 to 143 




143 to 135 


8 




450 



Totals. 
4714 



4714 



BIBLE CHRONOLOGY 



17 



Independence Day, May 4th 

John Hyrcanus, high priest .... 

Judas Aristobulus, king 

Alexander Janneus, king 

Queen Alexandra 

Birth of Herod the Great 

Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus .... 
•Jerusalem taken by Pompey, May 24th . 

Hyrcanus II 

Herod made Governor 

Antigonus 

Herod made King 

Herod captured Jerusalem .... 

Herod reigned 

Battle of Actium, Sept. 3rd .... 

First year of famine 

The Sanctuary dedicated 

Birth of king Agrippa 

Alexander and Aristobulus slain . 

Christ born in Bethlehem 

Death of Herod 

To Christian Era 

Zedekiah to A.D. 1 



B.C. 



141 

135 

104 

103 

76 

71 

67 

63 

63 

54 

40 

40 

37 

37 

31 

24 

18 

10 

4 

2 

1 



to 104 
to 103 
to 76 
to 67 

to 63 

to 40 

to 37 

to 1 



Years. 

450 
31 

1 
27 

9 

4 

23 

3 



36 



Totals. 
4714 



585 



Total number of years 5299 



From this total of years, it is evident that the history of our 
race began with the year 

B.C. 5300. 



READ : — 

"THE BOOK OF DANIEL UNLOCKED." 

FOR SALE BY 

D. Van Nostrand Company, F. H. Revell Co., 

23 Murray Street, New York. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. 



John Wanamaker, 
Broadway and 10th Street, N. Y. 

Octavo, 134 pages, 2 charts. Price $1.00 net 



Thomas Whitaker, 
4th Ave. and 9th Street, N. Y. 



'~12 



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